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1 .MultiDroid: A Novel Solution to Consolidate
Interactive Physical Android Clients on One
Single Computing Platform
Bin Yang Intel R&D Center
Shoumeng, Yan Intel Labs
2 .Agenda
• Background and Scenarios
• Solution
• Evaluation
• Summary and Next
3 .Background
• Leverage computing power of modern
CPU to consolidate workloads
• Requirements come from different
scenarios such as Retail, Automotive
and Game cloud.
4 .Scenario: Rear Seat Entertainment
• HVAC
• Video
• Music
• Game
• Map
• Conference
5 .Scenario: Cloud Gaming
7 .Scenario: Auto Vending Machine
8 .Solution - MultiDroid
• Solutions Comparing
• Architecture
• Advantages
• Implementation
9 .Solutions Comparing
MultiDroid
10 .Architecture
Hdmi Cable Hdmi Cable Hdmi Cable Hdmi Cable
USB Cable USB Cable USB Cable USB Cable
Hdmi Hdmi
port port
Signal splitter Chips
Hdmi USB Hdmi USB USB USB
port port port port port Hdmi port port
User space
Instance OS OS OS OS
Mgr instance1 instance2 instance3 instance4
Kernel
SoC Platform
USB Display Sensor
CPU GPU Ethernet
Controller Controller Chip
11 .Advantages
• Lightweight
• Supports different Linux-based OS
• Little overhead.
• Simple I/O sharing solution.
• Recovery mechanism
• Security Guarantee
• Easy Deployment & Maintenance
12 .Implementation: MultiDroid
• File System Layout
• Kernel
• I/O Devices Virtulization
• AOSP
13 .File System Layout
• Different data partitions for different
Android instances.
• system.img is shared between different
Android instances.
• Overlay fs can be used if different
system.img is required.
14 .Kernel - Binder
Instance 1 Instance 2 Instance N
Full Android Full Android Full Android
user space stack user space stack user space stack
/dev/binder /dev/binder /dev/binder
/dev/binder1 /dev/binder2 /dev/binder(n)
Kernel
15 .I/O Devices Virtulization
• Dedicated I/O devices
e.g. Usb Host
• Shared I/O devices
e.g. GFX, Trusty
16 .I/O - USB Touch
Instance 1 Instance 2 Instance N
Full Android Full Android Full Android
user space stack user space stack user space stack
/dev/input /dev/input /dev/input
/dev/input0 /dev/input1 /dev/input(n-1)
Kernel
17 .I/O – GFX and Display
Android Instance N
Android Instance 1
SurfaceFlinger
MultiDroid Composer(MDC)
Gralloc vHAL
HWComposer vHAL
OpenGL Android X11 Wayland DRM
backend
Gralloc
ES backend backend backend
GPU Driver Display Driver Kernel
18 .I/O - Trusty
Android Instance N
Trusty OS
Android Instance 1
KeyMaster
Security Security Security
Storage KeyMaster
Storage Storage
Daemon GateKeeper APP1 APP2
GateKeeper
IPC
RPMB Storage Trusty IPC Trusty IPC
Driver Drvier Driver Driver
Kernel
RPMB AuthKey
19 .AOSP
• Low memory Killer
• Recovery
20 .Low Memory Killer
Android Instance 1 Android Instance N
Process A Process A
AMS AMS
Process B Process B
LMKD LMKD Update adj
Update adj with weight
with weight
Send kill event
Process A in Ins1
Process B in Ins1
Select Select to-be-killed
Process A in Ins2
Module process according to adj
Process B in Ins2
Memory monitor
Kernel
21 .Recovery
Instance 1 Instance N
process process
process process
process process
Child process will Child process will
Child process Child process
send signal to init send signal to init
will restart will restart
before it is exit before it is exit
process process
Init process Init process
Monitor init process
Instance Manager watchDog
22 .Evaluation
• Environment setup
• Evaluation result
23 .Evaluation Setup
• Exclusive test: single active instance while multiple
instances are created but in idle state
• Concurrent test: system performance where multiple
instances run with continuous workload simultaneously
• Memory consumption
Hardware: Intel mini Kaby Lake PC Intel(R) Core(TM) i5-7260U
CPU @ 2.20GHz *2 /HDMI display and touch
Software: Android 7.1.2
24 .Result
Exclusive : Antutu 1.20 Cold Boot
1.00
1.00
1.00 1.00 0.99
1.00 0.76 0.76
0.80
0.80 0.60
0.60
0.40
0.40
0.20
0.20
0.00
0.00 1 4 8
1 4 8
Memory Consumed(GB)
Concurrent: Game FPS 14000000
70 12.8
60 60 12000000
60
10000000
50
40 36 8000000
30 6000000 6.4
20 4000000 3.67
10
2000000 2.3
0 1.4
1 4 8 0
0 5 10 15 20
25 .Summary
• Raised the idea to consolidate
workloads using container technology.
• Designed simple I/O sharing solution.
• Implemented POC to consolidate 16
Android Instances in KabyLake Nuc.
26 .Next
• Enhance security.
• Optimize boot time and memory usage.
• Integrate different Linux based OS in
one platform.
• Explore the possibility to integrate with
VM solution.
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