Apache Spark Data Validation

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In our experience, many problems with production workflows can be traced back to unexpected values in the input data. In a complex pipeline, it can be difficult and costly to trace the root cause of errors. Here we outline our work developing an open source data validation framework built on Apache Spark. Our goal is a tool that easily integrates into existing workflows to automatically make data validation a vital initial step of every production workflow. Our tool is aimed at data scientists and data engineers, who are not necessarily Scala/Python programmers. Our users specify a configuration file that details the data validation checks to be completed. This configuration file is parsed into appropriate queries that are executed with Apache Spark. A status report is logged, which is used to notify developers/maintainers and to establish a historical record of validator checks. This work was inspired by the many great ideas behind Google’s TensorFlow Extended (TFX) platform, in particular TensorFlow Data Validation (TFDV). As such we provide optional functionality for our users to visualize their data using Facets Overview and Facets Dive.

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1 .WIFI SSID: SparkAISummit | Password: UnifiedAnalytics

2 .Apache Spark Data Validation Patrick Pisciuneri & Doug Balog, Target #UnifiedAnalytics #SparkAISummit

3 .Outline • Introductions • Motivation • Data Validator • Open Source • Future Work • Conclusions #UnifiedAnalytics #SparkAISummit 3

4 .Introduction Patrick Pisciuneri Doug Balog Patrick is a Data Scientist for Target. He received his PhD in Doug is a Data Engineer for Target. He develops Machine Mechanical Engineering from the University of Pittsburgh in Learning infrastructure for Target in Pittsburgh, PA. He joined 2013. His research involved the intersection of high- Target in 2014 and is currently a Principal Data Engineer. He performance computing and the simulation of turbulent has a BS in Computer Science from University of Pittsburgh. reacting flows. In 2015 he joined Target as a data scientist where he has worked on product and ad recommendations. #UnifiedAnalytics #SparkAISummit 4

5 .Introduction Target • 1,845 stores in the United States • 39 distribution centers in the United States • 350,000+ team members worldwide • Online business at target.com • Global offices in China, Hong Kong and India corporate.target.com/ #UnifiedAnalytics #SparkAISummit 5

6 .Motivation • Understand data • Catch errors/anomalies early in pipelines • Promote best practices for data management • Easy to adopt – language agnostic interface • Efficient on large datasets and distributed systems #UnifiedAnalytics #SparkAISummit 6

7 .Motivation References 1. TFX: A TensorFlow-Based Production-Scale Machine Learning Platform, KDD 2017 2. Hidden Technical Debt in Machine Learning, NIPS 2015 3. Methodology for Data Validation 1.0, Eurostat – CROS, 2016 4. Extending Apache Spark APIs Without Going Near Spark Source or a Compiler, Spark + AI Summit, 2018 #UnifiedAnalytics #SparkAISummit 7

8 .introducing Data Validator #UnifiedAnalytics #SparkAISummit 8

9 .Features • Configuration • Validators • Reporting & Notification • Profiling #UnifiedAnalytics #SparkAISummit 9

10 .Flow Diagram Events Reporting Parse Resolve Variable Check Validation Config Variables Substitution Config Checks #UnifiedAnalytics #SparkAISummit 10

11 .Configuration • User creates a configuration file (yaml) 1. Variables 2. Reporting settings 3. Notification settings 4. Validation checks #UnifiedAnalytics #SparkAISummit 11

12 .Configuration - Variables • Set the value of a variable specified by the name value 1. Simple substitution 2. Environment variable substitution 3. Shell substitution • First line of stdout 4. SQL substitution • First column of first row #UnifiedAnalytics #SparkAISummit 12

13 .Configuration – Report Settings • Event report – Specify path and filename • local:// • hdfs:// • append – will overwrite existing file if false – Pipe event report to another program • ignoreError – mark data validator as failed if pipe command fails #UnifiedAnalytics #SparkAISummit 13

14 .Configuration – Notification Settings • Send email with status of validation checks #UnifiedAnalytics #SparkAISummit 14

15 .Configuration – Validation Checks • Specify the checks we want to run on a data asset • Support: – Hive tables – Orc files – Parquet files • Any number of checks on any number of columns • Specify condition to filter asset – Useful when applied to partition column #UnifiedAnalytics #SparkAISummit 15

16 .ValidatorBase #UnifiedAnalytics #SparkAISummit 16

17 .RowBased #UnifiedAnalytics #SparkAISummit 17

18 .ColumnBased #UnifiedAnalytics #SparkAISummit 18

19 .Example • Census (1994) Income Data Set • Learning task: predict whether income exceeds 50k http://archive.ics.uci.edu/ml/datasets/Census+Income #UnifiedAnalytics #SparkAISummit 19

20 .Example Config Schema #UnifiedAnalytics #SparkAISummit 20

21 .Explain Config * formatted in text editor for clarity #UnifiedAnalytics #SparkAISummit 21

22 .Reporting • Event log – Logs configuration settings – Logs variable substitutions – Logs runtime environment and statistics – Logs checks run and status – It’s extensive! #UnifiedAnalytics #SparkAISummit 22

23 .Report Config rowCount #UnifiedAnalytics #SparkAISummit 23

24 .Report Config negativeCheck #UnifiedAnalytics #SparkAISummit 24

25 .Report Config nullCheck #UnifiedAnalytics #SparkAISummit 25

26 .Profiling Config #UnifiedAnalytics #SparkAISummit 26

27 .Profiling Config #UnifiedAnalytics #SparkAISummit 27

28 .Profiling Implementation • Catalyst aggregate expressions • Min • Max • Average • Count • Stddev • UDAF • histogram #UnifiedAnalytics #SparkAISummit 28

29 .Profiling • Parse / pipe output from report to tool for visualization • Facets Overview #UnifiedAnalytics #SparkAISummit 29

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